Methods, Systems, And Computer Program Products For Communicating Data Selectively Via Heterogeneous Communication Network Links

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems are described for communicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication network links. In one aspect respective data costs are determined associated with communicated data via a plurality of heterogeneous network links each linking to one or more networks. One or more network links to communicate data between a remote network node and a remote user device is selected from among the plurality of heterogeneous network links based on the determined respective data costs. Communicating the data via the selected link is provided for. In another aspect, link selection information based on respective data costs is received via a network. One or more network links is selected from among the plurality of heterogeneous network links based on the received link selection information. The data is communicated via the selected link.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 9,635,190, titled“Methods, Systems, and Computer Program Products for Communicating DataSelectively Via Heterogeneous Communication Network Links,” filed onAug. 7, 2014, the entire disclosure of which is here incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND

User devices, such as a mobile device, cellular phone, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communicationdevice, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a wireless local loop(WLL) station, a tablet computer, or the like, today are capable ofcommunicating via a number of available distinct communication datalinks (also referred to herein as heterogeneous network links). Forexample, many user devices today are capable of communicating via manydifferent network links such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) orLTE-Advance (LTE-A) (also referred to as 4G), Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA) or Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) (also referred to as 3G), GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM) (also referred to as 2G), IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth and often other links are available forsending and receiving data. This plethora of available communicationlinks provides an opportunity to use the multiple data links to moreoptimally send and receive user's data. For example, one or more of thenetwork links available can be selected in order to maximize throughput,minimize latency, increase reliability, minimize interference, maximizebattery life and/or minimize data fees.

Conventional approaches to link selection have operated at the userdevice or as a local extension of the user device. These approachesprovide access only to metrics that are available at the user device.Thus, conventional approaches generally do not see enough of the networkto select links based on network conditions. For example, while a userdevice may select to use Wi-Fi instead of LTE whenever Wi-Fi isavailable with the underlying premise that Wi-Fi is a better or cheaperconnection, such a decision would be better informed if the user devicewould receive from another device monitoring conditions within thenetwork more complete information about the user experience associatedwith communicating data via each network link through the networkto/from a remote endpoint.

Accordingly, there exists a need for methods, systems, and computerprogram products for communicating data selectively via heterogeneouscommunication network links.

SUMMARY

Methods and systems are described for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links. In one aspect a network linkselector (NLS) determines respective data costs associated withcommunicating data via a plurality of heterogeneous network links eachlinking to one or more networks. One or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a user deviceremotely communicating with the NLS via a network is selected from amongthe plurality of heterogeneous network links based on the determinedrespective data costs. Communicating the data via the selected link isprovided for.

In another aspect, link selection information based on respective datacosts associated with communicating data via a plurality ofheterogeneous network links each linking to one or more networks isreceived via a network from an NLS. One or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a user deviceremotely communicating with the NLS is selected from among the pluralityof heterogeneous network links based on the received link selectioninformation. The data is communicated via the selected link.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art upon reading this description in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals have been usedto designate like or analogous elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hardware device inwhich the subject matter may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for communicating dataselectively via heterogeneous communication network links according toan aspect of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an arrangement of components forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks according to another aspect of the subject matter describedherein;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a usage example for communicatingdata selectively via heterogeneous communication network links accordingto another aspect of the subject matter described herein;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for communicating dataselectively via heterogeneous communication network links according toanother aspect of the subject matter described herein; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an arrangement of components forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks according to another aspect of the subject matter describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Prior to describing the subject matter in detail, an exemplary hardwaredevice in which the subject matter may be implemented shall first bedescribed. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that theelements illustrated in FIG. 1 may vary depending on the systemimplementation. With reference to FIG. 1, an exemplary system forimplementing the subject matter disclosed herein includes a hardwaredevice 100, including a processing unit 102, memory 104, storage 106,transceiver 110, communication interface 112, and a bus 114 that coupleselements 104-112 to the processing unit 102.

The bus 114 may comprise any type of bus architecture. Examples includea memory bus, a peripheral bus, a local bus, etc. The processing unit102 is an instruction execution machine, apparatus, or device and maycomprise a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a graphicsprocessing unit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. The processing unit 102 maybe configured to execute program instructions stored in memory 104and/or storage 106.

The memory 104 may include read only memory (ROM) 116 and random accessmemory (RAM) 118. Memory 104 may be configured to store programinstructions and data during operation of device 100. In variousembodiments, memory 104 may include any of a variety of memorytechnologies such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic RAM(DRAM), including variants such as dual data rate synchronous DRAM (DDRSDRAM), error correcting code synchronous DRAM (ECC SDRAM), or RAMBUSDRAM (RDRAM), for example. Memory 104 may also include nonvolatilememory technologies such as nonvolatile flash RAM (NVRAM) or ROM. Insome embodiments, it is contemplated that memory 104 may include acombination of technologies such as the foregoing, as well as othertechnologies not specifically mentioned. When the subject matter isimplemented in a computer system, a basic input/output system (BIOS)120, containing the basic routines that help to transfer informationbetween elements within the computer system, such as during start-up, isstored in ROM 116.

The storage 106 may include a flash memory data storage device forreading from and writing to flash memory, a hard disk drive for readingfrom and writing to a hard disk, a magnetic disk drive for reading fromor writing to a removable magnetic disk, and/or an optical disk drivefor reading from or writing to a removable optical disk such as a CDROM, DVD or other optical media. The drives and their associatedcomputer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readableinstructions, data structures, program modules and other data for thehardware device 100. It is noted that the methods described herein canbe embodied in executable instructions stored in a computer readablemedium for use by or in connection with an instruction executionmachine, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based orprocessor-containing machine, apparatus, or device. It will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that for some embodiments, othertypes of computer readable media may be used which can store data thatis accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memorycards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, RAM, ROM, and the likemay also be used in the exemplary operating environment. As used here, a“computer-readable medium” can include one or more of any suitable mediafor storing the executable instructions of a computer program in one ormore of an electronic, magnetic, optical, and electromagnetic format,such that the instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, ordevice can read (or fetch) the instructions from the computer readablemedium and execute the instructions for carrying out the describedmethods. A non-exhaustive list of conventional exemplary computerreadable medium includes: a portable computer diskette; a RAM; a ROM; anerasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory); opticalstorage devices, including a portable compact disc (CD), a portabledigital video disc (DVD), a high definition DVD (HD-DVD™), a BLU-RAYdisc; and the like.

A number of program modules may be stored on the storage 106, ROM 116 orRAM 118, including an operating system 122, one or more applicationsprograms 124, program data 126, and other program modules 128.

The hardware device 100 may be part of any network node, such as aserver, a router, a base station, and/or a user device configured tocommunicate in a communication network. A base station may also bereferred to as an eNodeB, an access point, and the like. A base stationtypically provides communication coverage for a particular geographicarea. A base station and/or base station subsystem may cover aparticular geographic coverage area referred to by the term “cell.” Anetwork controller (not shown) may be communicatively connected to basestations and provide coordination and control for the base stations.Multiple base stations may communicate with one another, e.g., directlyor indirectly via a wireless backhaul or wireline backhaul.

The hardware device 100 may operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more remote nodes via communicationinterface 112, including communicating with one or more user devices 140via a transceiver 110 connected to an antenna 130. The user devices 140can be dispersed throughout the network 100. A user device 140 may bereferred to as user equipment (UE), a terminal, a mobile station, asubscriber unit, or the like. A user device 140 may be a cellular phone,a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wirelesscommunication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a wirelesslocal loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, or the like. A user device140 may communicate with a base station directly, or indirectly viaother network equipment such as, but not limited to, a pico eNodeB, afemto eNodeB, a relay, or the like.

The remote node may be a computer, a server, a router, a peer device orother common network node, and typically includes many or all of theelements described above relative to the hardware device 100. Thecommunication interface 112, including transceiver 110 may interfacewith a wireless network and/or a wired network. For example, wirelesscommunications networks can include, but are not limited to, CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access (OFDMA), and Single-Carrier Frequency Division MultipleAccess (SC-FDMA). A CDMA network may implement a radio technology suchas Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), TelecommunicationsIndustry Association's (TIA's) CDMA2000®, and the like. The UTRAtechnology includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), and other variants of CDMA.The CDMA2000® technology includes the IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856standards from The Electronics Industry Alliance (EIA), and TIA. A TDMAnetwork may implement a radio technology such as Global System forMobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA network may implement a radiotechnology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB),IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, andthe like. The UTRA and E-UTRA technologies are part of Universal MobileTelecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) andLTE-Advance (LTE-A) are newer releases of the UMTS that use E-UTRA.UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GAM are described in documents froman organization called the “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).CDMA2000® and UMB are described in documents from an organization calledthe “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). The techniquesdescribed herein may be used for the wireless networks and radio accesstechnologies mentioned above, as well as other wireless networks andradio access technologies.

Other examples of wireless networks include, for example, a BLUETOOTHnetwork, a wireless personal area network, and a wireless 802.11 localarea network (LAN). Examples of wired networks include, for example, aLAN, a fiber optic network, a wired personal area network, a telephonynetwork, and/or a wide area network (WAN). Such networking environmentsare commonplace in intranets, the Internet, offices, enterprise-widecomputer networks and the like. In some embodiments, communicationinterface 112 may include logic configured to support direct memoryaccess (DMA) transfers between memory 104 and other devices.

In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to thehardware device 100, or portions thereof, may be stored in a remotestorage device, such as, for example, on a server. It will beappreciated that other hardware and/or software to establish acommunications link between the hardware device 100 and other devicesmay be used.

It should be understood that the arrangement of hardware device 100illustrated in FIG. 1 is but one possible implementation and that otherarrangements are possible. It should also be understood that the varioussystem components (and means) defined by the claims, described below,and illustrated in the various block diagrams represent logicalcomponents that are configured to perform the functionality describedherein. For example, one or more of these system components (and means)can be realized, in whole or in part, by at least some of the componentsillustrated in the arrangement of hardware device 100. In addition,while at least one of these components are implemented at leastpartially as an electronic hardware component, and therefore constitutesa machine, the other components may be implemented in software,hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. More particularly,at least one component defined by the claims is implemented at leastpartially as an electronic hardware component, such as an instructionexecution machine (e.g., a processor-based or processor-containingmachine) and/or as specialized circuits or circuitry (e.g., discretelogic gates interconnected to perform a specialized function), such asthose illustrated in FIG. 1. Other components may be implemented insoftware, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover,some or all of these other components may be combined, some may beomitted altogether, and additional components can be added while stillachieving the functionality described herein. Thus, the subject matterdescribed herein can be embodied in many different variations, and allsuch variations are contemplated to be within the scope of what isclaimed.

In the description that follows, the subject matter will be describedwith reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations thatare performed by one or more devices, unless indicated otherwise. Assuch, it will be understood that such acts and operations, which are attimes referred to as being computer-executed, include the manipulationby the processing unit of data in a structured form. This manipulationtransforms the data or maintains it at locations in the memory system ofthe computer, which reconfigures or otherwise alters the operation ofthe device in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art. Thedata structures where data is maintained are physical locations of thememory that have particular properties defined by the format of thedata. However, while the subject matter is being described in theforegoing context, it is not meant to be limiting as those of skill inthe art will appreciate that various of the acts and operation describedhereinafter may also be implemented in hardware.

To facilitate an understanding of the subject matter described below,many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions. At leastone of these aspects defined by the claims is performed by an electronichardware component. For example, it will be recognized that the variousactions can be performed by specialized circuits or circuitry, byprogram instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by acombination of both. The description herein of any sequence of actionsis not intended to imply that the specific order described forperforming that sequence must be followed. All methods described hereincan be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated hereinor otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

A better, “big picture,” approach to selecting network links takes theconditions of the network into consideration when selecting a networklink for a user device to communicate. Knowledge of the networkconditions can provide better optimizations for the user device and alsoprovides for network level precautions that protect the network itself.For example, a link can be selected based on interference levels in thenetwork links, which would provide load balancing for the network, whichimproves the user experience of other users of the network.

In order to better ascertain network conditions, a better approach is todetermine link selection information about the network itself as itpertains to a communication path through the network associated witheach link and provide the information to the user device. Theinformation can be a link selection made for the user device or can beinformation that aids the device in selecting a link. Accordingly, anetwork link selector (NLS) is connected within the network to providelink selection information to the mobile device. The NLS thereby canhave an internal network perspective not afforded to a user device andcan obtain better network knowledge through, for example, device pollingand/or monitoring of network traffic.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a flow diagram is illustrated illustrating amethod for communicating data selectively via heterogeneouscommunication network links according to an exemplary aspect of thesubject matter described herein. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustratingan arrangement of components for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links according to another exemplaryaspect of the subject matter described herein. FIG. 1 is a block diagramillustrating an arrangement of components providing an executionenvironment configured for hosting the arrangement of componentsdepicted in FIG. 3. The method in FIG. 2 can be carried out by, forexample, some or all of the components illustrated in the exemplaryarrangement in FIG. 3 operating in an a compatible executionenvironment, such as the environment provided by some or all of thecomponents of the arrangement in FIG. 1. The arrangement of componentsin FIG. 3 may be implemented by some or all of the components of thehardware device 100 of FIG. 1.

With reference to FIG. 2, in block 202 respective data costs associatedwith communicating data via a plurality of heterogeneous network linkseach linking to one or more networks is determined by a NLS.Accordingly, a system for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links includes means fordetermining, by a NLS, respective data costs associated withcommunicating data via a plurality of heterogeneous network links eachlinking to one or more networks. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3,a link cost component 302 of the NLS 300 is configured to determinerespective data costs associated with communicating data via a pluralityof heterogeneous network links each linking to one or more networks.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an arrangement of components forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks according to another aspect of the subject matter describedherein. In FIG. 3, one or more networks 320 interconnect NLS 300, userdevice 140, and one or more remote network nodes 312, such as anotheruser device, a PC, a server. Network 320 includes one or morecommunication links between the various devices illustrated bycommunication links 314, 316, and 318, which can each represent aplurality of heterogeneous network links. The term heterogeneous networklinks as used herein refers to links between devices in a network thatprovide access to one or more networks but that are of different typesfrom each other. For example, the plurality of heterogeneous networklinks can include network links of the type LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, WCDMA,CDMA2000, GSM, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, UTRA, E-UTRA, UMB, Wi-Fi,WiMAX, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, and Bluetooth.

Each of these links will have a respective data cost associated with it.The data cost could be a cost to the user of the user device 140, suchas in terms of data throughput, data latency, transmission reliability,power consumption, and/or data transmission fees. Alternatively, thedata cost could be a cost to the network, such as to load balance,prevent transmission interference, and/or otherwise maintain networkusability above a minimum quality for users in general.

The NLS 300 has an internal network perspective not afforded to a userdevice and can obtain better network knowledge through, for example,device polling and/or monitoring of network traffic. Device polling mayinclude receiving information from the device and/or infrastructure on aregular basis. Device polling may specifically include requestinginformation regarding the availability of different networks, anyavailable statistics about those networks, network conditions, networkidentification, device location, device velocity, and device batterylife. Network monitoring may include capturing the transmission of dataand control information to obtain network knowledge. Accordingly, thelink cost component 302 can be configured to determine respective datacosts by determining at least one of data throughput, data latency,transmission reliability, transmission interference, power consumption,user device location information, network link location information, anddata transmission fees. Network monitoring may also include geolocationand tracking of user devices or other network nodes.

In another aspect, the respective data costs includes respective datacosts based on past data cost information. For example, the past datacost information can include past data cost information for a currentlocation of the user device 140. For example, the past information canbe used along with the location information to predict that a user isgoing into a dead-spot prior to the user arriving in the dead-spot andan alternative network link can be selected as described below. Oneexample is when a user device 140 is approaching a Wi-Fi dead-spot, aswitch can be made to an LTE connection. The data cost information canbe stored in a local data store 308 and/or a remote data store 310,which are both optional components of the system as indicated by dashedlines.

Returning to FIG. 2, in block 204 one or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a user deviceremotely communicating with the NLS 300 via a network is selected fromamong the plurality of heterogeneous network links based on thedetermined respective data costs. Accordingly, a system forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks includes means for selecting, from among the plurality ofheterogeneous network links based on the determined respective datacosts, one or more network links to communicate data between a remotenetwork node and a user device remotely communicating with the NLS 300via a network. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, a link selectioncomponent 304 is configured to select, from among the plurality ofheterogeneous network links based on the determined respective datacosts, one or more network links to communicate data between a remotenetwork node and a user device remotely communicating with the NLS 300via a network.

For example, with reference to FIG. 4, user device 140 would like toaccess one or more networks 400 to communicate information. User device140 has, among the network links available to it, an LTE link 404 to anLTE base station 402 and supporting infrastructure and a Wi-Fi link 408to a Wi-Fi access point 406 and supporting infrastructure, such as anetwork router. NLS 300 provides link selection information to userdevice 140. The NLS 300 obtains information about the links throughnetwork monitoring and/or device polling, which information is notlimited to the radio connections but can include information regardingthe path through the network after the radio connection utilizing therespective links. For example, the NLS 300 may determine that the Wi-Filink 408 in the user's apartment building is heavily utilized a certaintime of day, such as due to other user's returning home from work andsimultaneously accessing network resources, such that the datathroughput, latency, or other link cost factors indicate a poor userexperience. The analysis can also take into account the location of theuser device 140. The NLS 300 also determines that there is a feeassociated with data usage by the user device 140 via the LTE link 404and that otherwise the link cost factors associated with the LTE link404 indicate it would provide a better user experience. In one aspect,the link selection information provided to the user device 140 includesthe respective link cost information for accessing the network via theLTE link 404 and the Wi-Fi link 408 and the device chooses theappropriate link based on the link selection information and can accessuser preference information to help with the decision. In anotheraspect, the NLS 300 makes the selection based on the cost information(and can access user preference information to help with the decision)and the link selection information provided to the user device 140includes the selected link.

Note that in the above example the NLS 300 can also provide linkselection information intended to protect the network from, for example,significant interference on a particular network link or from otherimpacts of using a particular network link.

In an aspect, the link selection component 304 can be configured toselect one or more network links by receiving at least one of userpreference information and future communication session information fromthe user device 140 and selecting the network link based on the at leastone of user preference information and future communication sessioninformation. Returning to the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the userdevice 140 can provide details to the NLS 300 about the upcomingcommunication session, such as the type of session and sessionrequirements, or user preference information to provide additionalinformation for the NLS 300 to base its determination. For example, theuser device 104 can indicate the user may want to have a data intensivemultimedia session, such as downloading a movie for viewing, and thatthe user has a preference for Wi-Fi to avoid data fees. The linkselection component 304 considers this information and determines thatthe link cost factors for a WiFi link are currently undesirable due tonetwork conditions and instead selects one or more LTE links.

In another aspect, the link selection component 304 can be configured toselect one or more links by selecting multiple links and wherein thecommunication component 306 can be configured to provide forcommunicating the data by communicating data for a single communicationsession concurrently via the multiple selected links. Returning to theexample illustrated in FIG. 4, the NLS 300 can instruct the user device140 to transmit some of the data on the LTE link 404 and concurrently,or even simultaneously, transmit some of the data on the Wi-Fi link 408.

Returning to FIG. 2, in block 206 communicating the data via theselected link is providing for. Accordingly, a system for communicatingdata selectively via heterogeneous communication network links includesmeans for providing for communicating the data via the selected link.For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, a communication component 306 isconfigured to provide for communicating the data via the selected link.

In an aspect, the communication component 306 can be configured toprovide link selection information to the user device 140 to provide forthe user device 140 to know which network link to use or to use the linkselection information to determine which network link to use, asdescribed above.

In another aspect, the communication component 306 can be configured toconnect the user device 140 to the one or more selected links such thatthe data is transmitted via a common link and distributed to the one ormore selected links. For example, with reference to FIG. 3, the data canbe provided to the NLS 300 via communication link 316 and placed on theone or more selected network links by the NLS 300 via communication link318 to a remote node 312. Communication link 316 may or may not be oneof the multiple heterogeneous network links.

In another aspect, the data is for a single communication session andthe communication component 306 can be configured to provide forcommunicating the data between the user device 140 and the remotenetwork node concurrently via multiple selected links. As shown in FIG.3, communication link 314 can be made up of multiple network links, suchas network links 404 and 408 in FIG. 4, and data for a singlecommunication session can be transmitted over the multiple linksconcurrently. Alternatively, communication link 316 can be made up ofmultiple network links carrying data for a single session concurrentlythat are then combined by NLS 300, such as by the communicationcomponent 306, onto a common communication to the remote endpoint viacommunication link 318.

Turning now to FIG. 5, a flow diagram is illustrated illustrating amethod for communicating data selectively via heterogeneouscommunication network links according to an exemplary aspect of thesubject matter described herein. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustratinga system for communicating data selectively via heterogeneouscommunication network links according to another exemplary aspect of thesubject matter described herein. The system shown in FIG. 6 can be partof, for example, a user device 140. FIG. 1 is a block diagramillustrating an arrangement of components providing an executionenvironment configured for hosting the arrangement of componentsdepicted in FIG. 6. Although, for simplicity, user device 140 is shownseparate from hardware device 100 in FIG. 1, it will be understood thatthe same or similar arrangement of hardware device 100 can be part ofuser device 140 as well. The method in FIG. 5 can be carried out by, forexample, some or all of the components illustrated in the exemplaryarrangement in FIG. 6 operating in an a compatible executionenvironment, such as the environment provided by some or all of thecomponents of the arrangement in FIG. 1. That is, the arrangement ofcomponents in FIG. 6 may be implemented by some or all of the componentsof the hardware device 100 of FIG. 1.

With reference to FIG. 5, in block 502 link selection information basedon respective data costs associated with communicating data via aplurality of heterogeneous network links each linking to one or morenetworks is received from a NLS 300 via a network. Accordingly, a systemfor communicating data selectively via heterogeneous communicationnetwork links includes means for receiving, from a NLS 300 via anetwork, link selection information based on respective data costsassociated with communicating data via a plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links each linking to one or more networks. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 6, a link cost interface component 602 is configuredto receive the link selection information from NLS 300 via one or morenetworks 620.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an arrangement of components forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks according to another aspect of the subject matter describedherein. In FIG. 6, one or more networks 620 interconnect NLS 300, userdevice 140, and one or more remote network nodes 312, such as anotheruser device, a PC, a server. Network 620 includes one or morecommunication links between the various devices illustrated bycommunication links 614, 616, and 618, which can each represent aplurality of heterogeneous network links. As described above, theplurality of heterogeneous network links can include network links ofthe type LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA,SC-FDMA, UTRA, E-UTRA, UMB, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, andBluetooth.

In another aspect, as described above, respective data costs can includeat least one of data throughput, data latency, transmission reliability,transmission interference, power consumption, user device locationinformation, network link location information, and data transmissionfees.

In another aspect, as described above, the respective data costs caninclude respective data costs based on past data cost information. Forexample, the past data cost information can include past data costinformation for a current location of the user device 140. The data costinformation can be received from the NLS 300 and can be stored, ifnecessary, in a local data store 608 and/or a remote data store 610,which are both optional components of the user device 140 as indicatedby dashed lines.

In another aspect, the link cost interface component 602 can beconfigured to receive link selection information from the NLS 300 forthe user device 140 to know which network link to use or to use the linkselection information to determine which network link to use, asdescribed above.

In another aspect, the link cost interface component 602 can beconfigured to provide at least one of user preference information andfuture communication session information to the NLS 300 prior toreceiving the network link selection information. For example, the userdevice 140, via cost interface component 602, can provide details to theNLS 300 about the upcoming communication session, such as the type ofsession and session requirements, or user preference information toprovide additional information for the NLS 300 to base itsdetermination.

Returning to FIG. 5, in block 504 one or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a user deviceremotely communicating with the NLS 300 is selected from among theplurality of heterogeneous network links based on the received linkselection information. Accordingly, a system for communicating dataselectively via heterogeneous communication network links includes meansfor selecting, from among the plurality of heterogeneous network linksbased on the received link selection information, one or more networklinks to communicate data between a remote network node and a userdevice remotely communicating with the NLS 300. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 5, a link selection component 604 is configured toselect, from among the plurality of heterogeneous network links based onthe received link selection information, one or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a user deviceremotely communicating with the NLS 300.

In another aspect, the link selection component 604 can be configured toselect one or more links by selecting multiple links and thecommunication component 606 can be configured to provide forcommunicating the data for a single communication session concurrentlyover the multiple selected links. As shown in FIG. 6, communication link618 can be made up of multiple network links, such as network links 404and 408 in FIG. 4, and data for a single communication session can betransmitted over the multiple links concurrently.

Returning to FIG. 5, in block 506 the data is communicated via theselected link. Accordingly, a system for communicating data selectivelyvia heterogeneous communication network links includes means forcommunicating the data via the selected link. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 5, a communication component 606 is configured tocommunicate the data via the selected link.

In an aspect, the communication component 606 can be configured toconnect the user device 140 to the one or more selected links such thatthe data is transmitted via a common link and distributed to the one ormore selected links. For example, with reference to FIG. 6, the data canbe provided to the NLS 300 via communication link 616 and placed on theone or more selected network links by the NLS 300 via communication link618 to a remote node 312. Communication link 616 may or may not be oneof the multiple heterogeneous network links.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the subject matter (particularly in the context ofthe following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular andthe plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended toserve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separatevalue falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, andeach separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. Furthermore, the foregoing description isfor the purpose of illustration only, and not for the purpose oflimitation, as the scope of protection sought is defined by the claimsas set forth hereinafter together with any equivalents thereof entitledto. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “suchas”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illustrate thesubject matter and does not pose a limitation on the scope of thesubject matter unless otherwise claimed. The use of the term “based on”and other like phrases indicating a condition for bringing about aresult, both in the claims and in the written description, is notintended to foreclose any other conditions that bring about that result.No language in the specification should be construed as indicating anynon-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention asclaimed.

Preferred embodiments are described herein, including the best modeknown to the inventor for carrying out the claimed subject matter. Oneof ordinary skill in the art should appreciate after learning theteachings related to the claimed subject matter contained in theforegoing description that variations of those preferred embodiments maybecome apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading theforegoing description. The inventor intends that the claimed subjectmatter may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.Accordingly, this claimed subject matter includes all modifications andequivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended heretoas permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of theabove-described elements in all possible variations thereof isencompassed unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearlycontradicted by context.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links, the method comprising:determining, based on past data cost information, respective data costsassociated with communicating data via a plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links each linking to one or more networks; selecting, fromamong the plurality of heterogeneous network links based on thedetermined respective data costs, one or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a remote user device;and providing for communicating the data via the selected link.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the plurality of heterogeneous network linksincludes network links of the type Long Term Evolution (LTE),LTE-Advance (LTE-A), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA(WCDMA), CDMA2000, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA),Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra MobileBroadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20,Flash-OFDMA, or Bluetooth.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein determiningrespective data costs includes determining at least one of datathroughput, data latency, transmission reliability, transmissioninterference, power consumption, user device location information,network link location information, and data transmission fees.
 4. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the past data cost information includes pastdata cost information for a current location of the user device.
 5. Themethod of claim 1 wherein providing for communicating the data includesproviding network link selection information to the user device forcommunicating the data via the selected one or more network links. 6.The method of claim 6 wherein network link selection informationincludes the respective data costs.
 7. The method of claim 1 whereinselecting one or more network links includes receiving at least one ofuser preferences and future communication session information from theuser device and selecting the network link based on the at least one ofuser preferences and future communication session information.
 8. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising connecting the user device to theone or more selected links via the NLS, wherein the data is transmittedto the NLS via a common link and distributed to the one or more selectedlinks via the NLS.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the common link isnot one of the plurality of heterogeneous network links.
 10. The methodof claim 8 wherein the common link is one of the plurality ofheterogeneous network links.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein selectingone or more links includes selecting multiple links and whereinproviding for communicating the data includes communicating data for asingle communication session concurrently over the multiple selectedlinks.
 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising connecting the userdevice to the multiple selected links via the NLS, wherein the data isreceived by the NLS from the user device via a common link andconcurrently distributed to the multiple selected links by the NLS. 13.The method of claim 11 further comprising connecting the user device tothe multiple selected links via the NLS, wherein the data is receivedconcurrently via the multiple selected links by the NLS and provided tothe user device.
 14. A method for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links, the method comprising:receiving link selection information based on respective data costsassociated with communicating data via a plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links each linking to one or more networks, wherein therespective data costs includes respective data costs based on past datacost information; selecting, from among the plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links based on the received link selection information, one ormore network links to communicate data between a remote network node anda remote user device; and communicating the data via the selected link.15. The method of claim 14 wherein the plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links includes network links of the type LTE, LTE-A, CDMA,WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, UTRA, E-UTRA, UMB,Wi-Fi, WiMAX, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, or Bluetooth.
 16. The method ofclaim 14 wherein respective data costs include at least one of datathroughput, data latency, transmission reliability, transmissioninterference, power consumption, user device location information,network link location information, and data transmission fees.
 17. Themethod of claim 13 wherein the past data cost information includes pastdata cost information for a current location of the user device.
 18. Themethod of claim 13 comprising providing at least one of user preferencesand future communication session information to the NLS prior toreceiving the network link selection information.
 19. The method ofclaim 18 wherein network future communication session informationincludes at least one of a type of session and requirements for thesession.
 20. The method of claim 15 further comprising connecting theuser device to the one or more selected links via the NLS, wherein thedata is transmitted to the NLS via a common link and distributed to theone or more selected links via the NLS.
 21. The method of claim 20wherein the common link is not one of the plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links.
 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the common link is oneof the plurality of heterogeneous network links.
 23. The method of claim14 wherein selecting one or more links includes selecting multiple linksand wherein communicating the data includes communicating data for asingle communication session concurrently over the multiple selectedlinks.
 24. The method of claim 23 further comprising connecting the userdevice to the multiple selected links via the NLS, wherein the data isreceived by the NLS from the user device via a common link andconcurrently distributed to the multiple selected links by the NLS. 25.The method of claim 23 further comprising connecting the user device tothe multiple selected links via the NLS, wherein the data is receivedconcurrently via the multiple selected links by the NLS and provided tothe user device.
 26. A system for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links, the system comprising: meansfor determining, based on past data cost information, respective datacosts associated with communicating data via a plurality ofheterogeneous network links each linking to one or more networks; meansfor selecting, from among the plurality of heterogeneous network linksbased on the determined respective data costs, one or more network linksto communicate data between a remote network node and a remote userdevice; and means for providing for communicating the data via theselected link.
 27. A system for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links, the system comprising systemcomponents including: a link cost component configured to determine,based on past data cost information, respective data costs associatedwith communicating data via a plurality of heterogeneous network linkseach linking to one or more networks; a link selection componentconfigured to select, from among the plurality of heterogeneous networklinks based on the determined respective data costs, one or more networklinks to communicate data between a remote network node and a remoteuser device; and a communication component configured to provide forcommunicating the data via the selected link.
 28. The system of claim 27wherein the plurality of heterogeneous network links includes networklinks of the type LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, TDMA, FDMA,OFDMA, SC-FDMA, UTRA, E-UTRA, UMB, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, IEEE 802.20,Flash-OFDMA, or Bluetooth.
 29. The system of claim 27 wherein the linkcost component is configured to determine respective data costs bydetermining at least one of data throughput, data latency, transmissionreliability, transmission interference, power consumption, user devicelocation information, network link location information, and datatransmission fees.
 30. The system of claim 27 wherein the past data costinformation includes past data cost information for a current locationof the user device.
 31. The system of claim 27 wherein the communicationcomponent is configured to provide for communicating the data byproviding network link selection information to the user device forcommunicating the data via the selected one or more network links. 32.The system of claim 31 wherein network link selection informationincludes the respective data costs.
 33. The system of claim 27 whereinthe link selection component is configured to select one or more networklinks by receiving at least one of user preferences and futurecommunication session information from the user device and selecting thenetwork link based on the at least one of user preferences and futurecommunication session information.
 34. The system of claim 27 whereinthe communication component is configured to connect the user device tothe one or more selected links such that the data is transmitted via acommon link and distributed to the one or more selected links.
 35. Thesystem of claim 34 wherein the common link is not one of the pluralityof heterogeneous network links.
 36. The system of claim 34 wherein thecommon link is one of the plurality of heterogeneous network links. 37.The system of claim 27 wherein the link selection component isconfigured to select one or more links by selecting multiple links andwherein the communication component is configured to provide forcommunicating the data by communicating data for a single communicationsession concurrently via the multiple selected links.
 38. A system forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks, the system comprising: means for receiving link selectioninformation based on respective data costs associated with communicatingdata via a plurality of heterogeneous network links each linking to oneor more networks, wherein the respective data costs includes respectivedata costs based on past data cost information; means for selecting,from among the plurality of heterogeneous network links based on thereceived link selection information, one or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a remote user device;and means for communicating the data via the selected link.
 39. A systemfor communicating data selectively via heterogeneous communicationnetwork links, the system comprising system components including: a linkcost interface component configured to receive link selectioninformation based on respective data costs associated with communicatingdata via a plurality of heterogeneous network links each linking to oneor more networks, wherein the respective data costs includes respectivedata costs based on past data cost information; a link selectioncomponent configured to select, from among the plurality ofheterogeneous network links based on the received link selectioninformation, one or more network links to communicate data between aremote network node and a remote user device; and a communicationcomponent configured to communicate the data via the selected link. 40.The system of claim 39 wherein the plurality of heterogeneous networklinks includes network links of the type LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, WCDMA,CDMA2000, GSM, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, UTRA, E-UTRA, UMB, Wi-Fi,WiMAX, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, or Bluetooth.
 41. The system of claim39 wherein respective data costs include at least one of datathroughput, data latency, transmission reliability, transmissioninterference, power consumption, user device location information,network link location information, and data transmission fees.
 42. Thesystem of claim 39 wherein the past data cost information includes pastdata cost information for a current location of the user device.
 43. Thesystem of claim 39 wherein the link cost interface component isconfigured to provide at least one of user preferences and futurecommunication session information to the NLS prior to receiving thenetwork link selection information.
 44. The system of claim 43 whereinnetwork future communication session information includes at least oneof a type of session and requirements for the session.
 45. The system ofclaim 39 wherein the communication component is configured to transmitthe data to the NLS via a common link and distribute to the one or moreselected links via the NLS.
 46. The system of claim 45 wherein thecommon link is not one of the plurality of heterogeneous network links.47. The system of claim 45 wherein the common link is one of theplurality of heterogeneous network links.
 48. The system of claim 39wherein the link selection component is configured to select one or morelinks by selecting multiple links and wherein the communicationcomponent is configured to provide for communicating the data bycommunicating data for a single communication session concurrently overthe multiple selected links.
 49. A non-transient computer readablemedium storing a computer program, executable by a machine, forcommunicating data selectively via heterogeneous communication networklinks, the computer program comprising executable instructions for:determining, based on past data cost information, respective data costsassociated with communicating data via a plurality of heterogeneousnetwork links each linking to one or more networks; selecting, fromamong the plurality of heterogeneous network links based on thedetermined respective data costs, one or more network links tocommunicate data between a remote network node and a remote user device;and providing for communicating the data via the selected link.
 50. Anon-transient computer readable medium storing a computer program,executable by a machine, for communicating data selectively viaheterogeneous communication network links, the computer programcomprising executable instructions for: receiving link selectioninformation based on respective data costs associated with communicatingdata via a plurality of heterogeneous network links each linking to oneor more networks, wherein the respective data costs includes respectivedata costs based on past data cost information; selecting, from amongthe plurality of heterogeneous network links based on the received linkselection information, one or more network links to communicate databetween a remote network node and a remote user device; andcommunicating the data via the selected link.